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Although Jesus called on his first followers to welcome children in his name and to become like children, the lives of the first Christian children have remained in the shadows. This book explores the hidden lives of children at the origins of Christianity. It draws on insights gained from comparisons of children's experiences in ancient Judaism and the Graeco-Roman world. The authors also engage a vast body of early Christian literature, extending from the New Testament to sermons, letters, theological treatises, poetry, pedagogical manuals, and historiography in Greek, Latin, Syriac, and other languages current in the early Christian world.
The guiding question of the book focuses on how Christianity changed the lives of children in the ancient world. Some of the other questions examined by the authors include:
Did boys and girls both receive a formal education?
Were Christian children slaves?
How did they participate in manual labor?
What kinds of games did children play?
How did children become a part of the Christian church?
This book breaks new ground in the study of early Christianity by examining the challenges to Christian childhood in the first centuries of the Church. The authors look at violence perpetrated against children, and they consider the effects and opportunities arising from Christians' experiences of martyrdom, and from the increased Christian interest in various forms of asceticism, including celibacy. The book brings into the open the lives of early Christian children and throws much needed light on what has been a largely neglected area of study in early Christianity.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS:
Cornelia B. Horn, assistant professor of Early Christianity at Saint Louis University, is the author of Asceticism and Christological Controversy in Fifth-Century Palestine. John W. Martens is associate professor of theology at the University of St. Thomas in Minnesota and Director of the M.A. in Theology Program at Saint Paul Seminary School of Divinity. He is the author of One God, One Law: Philo of Alexandria on the Mosaic and Greco-Roman Law.
PRAISE FOR THE BOOK:
"With careful examination of the available evidence, the authors painstakingly sift through what can be known about children in early Christianity, and in doing so they offer new evaluations of old conclusions and significantly advance our understanding of this important topic for the social history of early Christianity."--Carolyn Osiek, Charles Fischer Professor of New Testament, Brite Divinity School, Texas Christian University
"This volume provides a wealth of detail about childhood, family structure, becoming an adult, and marriage in antiquity as well as renunciation of family ties in Christian asceticism. The authors pay careful attention to the impact of gender, class, and slave or free status on children's lives, and incorporate such unusual topics as toys, games, pets, and music. They argue that children from the beginning were welcome participants in all facets of Christian communal life. Clearly written and well-documented, this book is a valuable resource for students at all levels."--Pheme Perkins, professor of theology, Boston College
"Horn and Martens survey a wealth of textual sources for the study of children and childhood in early Christianity. . . . The book is valuable as a comprehensive survey of early Christian textual sources on children and childhood; handy indexes of biblical, classical, and patristic passages add to its usefulness. . . . The chapters on family life and work and play would make useful course readings. . . . Recommended."--J. Schott, Choice
"Chapters of this work are set up topically and it contains an excellent bibliography, index of biblical references and ancient authors, and an index of subjects and modern authors. Thus, it ser
- Sales Rank: #2243779 in Books
- Published on: 2009-07-07
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.90" h x 1.00" w x 5.90" l, 1.35 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 438 pages
Review
There "is much to be praised in the present work, with its attention to Jewish and Christian sources and well-researched accounts within those traditions."--Dennis P. Quinn, Bryn Mawr Classical Review
"As a study of predominantly orthodox Christian views of children and childhood, its level of learning and attention to detail is brimming with merit."--Dennis P. Quinn, Bryn Mawr Classical Review
"The book is particularly valuable for its sensitivity to how a number of factors would affect children's lives (such as gender, ethnicity, age level, social status and social class)."--Reidar Aasgaard, Journal of Ecclesiastical History
"[P]articularly valuable for its . . . conscious and occasionally innovative uncovering of children's - often hidden - presence in the sources (also in the biblical writings), and its use of a broad spectrum of sources."--Aasgaard, Journal of Ecclesiastical History
"[T]he volume is a valuable contribution to its theme and . . . will constitute a rich resource with which others may work."--Judith Lieu, American Historical Review
From the Back Cover
"With careful examination of the available evidence, the authors painstakingly sift through what can be known about children in early Christianity, and in doing so they offer new evaluations of old conclusions and significantly advance our understanding of this important topic for the social history of early Christianity."--Carolyn Osiek, Charles Fischer Professor of New Testament, Brite Divinity School, Texas Christian University
"This volume provides a wealth of detail about childhood, family structure, becoming an adult, and marriage in antiquity as well as renunciation of family ties in Christian asceticism. The authors pay careful attention to the impact of gender, class, and slave or free status on children's lives, and incorporate such unusual topics as toys, games, pets, and music. They argue that children from the beginning were welcome participants in all facets of Christian communal life. Clearly written and well-documented, this book is a valuable resource for students at all levels."--Pheme Perkins, professor of theology, Boston College
About the Author
Cornelia B. Horn is assistant professor at Saint Louis University and coeditor of "Children in Late Ancient Christianity."
John W. Martens is associate professor of theology at the University of St. Thomas and director of the Master of Arts in Theology program at St. Paul Seminary, School of Divinity, St. Paul, Minnesota.
Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Outstanding - revelations about how Christianity changed the lives of children
By Jeri
Christianity revolutionized the treatment of children in the ancient world. Perhaps the most spectacular alteration was in the use of children as sexual playthings. Both ancient Greece and ancient Rome regarded using little boys, especially slaves, or the children of the poor, as objects of desire.
A slave had no rights over his body, and it was regarded as legal and not immoral in the least to use the slave sexually. Both little boys and little girls were used sexually, although it appears little boys were preferred. The boys were considered of interest sexually until they sprouted body hair, which gives some idea of the age of the children abused. After the master had used the slave, the slave could also obtain money for his master by being sent to one of the many boy brothels in Rome. (Pick up a copy of "The Economy of Prostitution in Rome" for a fuller treatment).
Christianity, of course, viewed this as utterly immoral. Many Christians wrote scathing denunciations of such practices, such as Tatian, who pointed out that, at least in this matter, the barbarians, whose cultures despised such things, were more moral. Tatian bitterly criticized "the Romans...for gathering herds of boys for this purpose" (p 230).
In the area of protecting children "from sexual advances...may be the one area of morality in which early Christianity was truly counter-cultural" (p 231).
The ancient world, including the Second Temple Jews, regarded a girl as ready for marriage between the ages of 12 to 14. Boys, on the other hand, appear to have been older at the age of marriage, perhaps in the late teens or early twenties. This seems to have held true across all the cultures in the Roman empire.
Where Jewish and later Christians differed from the other cultures was the importance they placed on the child. "In significant strands of Judaism, the family is based upon the child" (p 72). Because every child had an immortal soul, Christians taught their children early the truths of Christianity and brought them to Christian gatherings to participate. "The process of socializing children into the Christian Church was closely related to the quality and extent of the religious education and formation the children received" (p 271).
They also strove to keep their children from the immoral influences all around them. John Chrysostrom insisted young men should be kept away from the theater, for example, since ''the sight of naked women uttering shameful words'" (p 157) should be avoided. Chrysostrom urged boys to fast on Wednesdays and Fridays, pray, and to be taught to fear hell.
Children had toys and games similar to many today. One I had never heard of was tying a rattle around the neck of a baby. Every time the baby moved, the rattle would jingle and amuse the child. Tops, hoops, balls, and dolls were all available, although many of the dolls appear to be based on pagan gods, and therefore were likely unused by Christian children.
I would also strongly recommend the book "When Children Became People", which also deals with the changes Christianity brought to the ancient world for children.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A Unique look at children of the Ancient World.
By Ruth C
It far exceeded my expectations as it combines an academic format with a fascinating collection of material, thus providing each reader with a true "crossroads" for individual interest and varying backgrounds on this subject
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